tty

/dev/pts/1

PS¶

Process in this terminal

ps

  PID TTY          TIME CMD
14009 pts/1    00:00:00 bash
14310 pts/1    00:00:00 ps

ps -f 4180

UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY      STAT   TIME CMD
milad     4180  4175  0 14:23 tty1     Sl     2:06 qbittorrent

# get all process
ps -A | head -5 # same as -e

  PID TTY          TIME CMD
    1 ?        00:00:02 systemd
    2 ?        00:00:00 kthreadd
    3 ?        00:00:00 ksoftirqd/0
    5 ?        00:00:00 kworker/0:0H

ps aux | head -4

USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root         1  0.0  0.1 119720  5816 ?        Ss   Dec27   0:02 /sbin/init
root         2  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    Dec27   0:00 [kthreadd]
root         3  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    Dec27   0:01 [ksoftirqd/0]

ps axo comm,pid,uid,user,nice | head -4

COMMAND           PID   UID USER      NI
systemd             1     0 root       0
kthreadd            2     0 root       0
ksoftirqd/0         3     0 root       0

# -ef same as ps aux
# -e or -A => all
# -f => full format

ps -ef | head -4

UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 Dec27 ?        00:00:02 /sbin/init
root         2     0  0 Dec27 ?        00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root         3     2  0 Dec27 ?        00:00:01 [ksoftirqd/0]

ps -u 1000 -o comm,pid,uid,user,ruser,nice,ppid,tty,group | head -4 # -u can be username

COMMAND           PID   UID USER     RUSER     NI  PPID TT       GROUP
tumblerd          307  1000 milad    milad     19     1 ?        milad
ps                326  1000 milad    milad      0 14009 pts/1    milad
bash              327  1000 milad    milad      0 14009 pts/1    milad

ps -eo comm,pid,uid,user,ruser,nice,ppid,tty,group | head -4

COMMAND           PID   UID USER     RUSER     NI  PPID TT       GROUP
systemd             1     0 root     root       0     0 ?        root
kthreadd            2     0 root     root       0     0 ?        root
ksoftirqd/0         3     0 root     root       0     2 ?        root

ps -ft pts/0

UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
milad    10420 10415  0 Dec27 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
milad    13626 10420  0 Dec27 pts/0    00:00:13 /usr/bin/python3 /home/milad/.lo

ps -ef | grep tint2

milad      544 14009  0 08:38 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto tint2
milad     1666     1  0 Dec27 tty1     00:00:49 tint2

pgrep¶

pgrep clementine

10985
10989
10990
10991
10992

pgrep vi -l

1632 xf86-video-inte
7075 dconf-service

pgrep -u root -l | head -5

1 systemd
2 kthreadd
3 ksoftirqd/0
5 kworker/0:0H
7 rcu_sched

pgrep -u root -vl | head -5

894 systemd-timesyn
998 atd
1010 avahi-daemon
1014 dbus-daemon
1016 avahi-daemon

pgrep -x vi
pgrep -x clementine -l

10985 clementine

pgrep -n clem -l

10992 clementine-tagr

pgrep -t tty1 -l -u root

1410 login
1632 xf86-video-inte

pgrep -t tty1 -a -u milad | head

1584 -bash
1597 /bin/sh /usr/bin/startx
1620 xinit /home/milad/.xinitrc -- /etc/X11/xinit/xserverrc :0 vt1 -keeptty -auth /tmp/serverauth.sKkqdc4rNQ
1621 /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg -nolisten tcp :0 vt1 -keeptty -auth /tmp/serverauth.sKkqdc4rNQ
1632 /usr/bin/openbox --startup /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openbox-autostart OPENBOX
1636 dbus-launch --sh-syntax --exit-with-session ssh-agent openbox-session
1661 tint2
1664 pasystray
1667 clipit
1670 xxkb

pgrep -av pasystray > /dev/null # reverse

pidof¶

pidof bash

28742 28715 28668 27449 14009 10565 10420 1586

pidof -s bash

28742

Signals, kill, pkill¶

kill -l

 1) SIGHUP	 2) SIGINT	 3) SIGQUIT	 4) SIGILL	 5) SIGTRAP
 6) SIGABRT	 7) SIGBUS	 8) SIGFPE	 9) SIGKILL	10) SIGUSR1
11) SIGSEGV	12) SIGUSR2	13) SIGPIPE	14) SIGALRM	15) SIGTERM
16) SIGSTKFLT	17) SIGCHLD	18) SIGCONT	19) SIGSTOP	20) SIGTSTP
21) SIGTTIN	22) SIGTTOU	23) SIGURG	24) SIGXCPU	25) SIGXFSZ
26) SIGVTALRM	27) SIGPROF	28) SIGWINCH	29) SIGIO	30) SIGPWR
31) SIGSYS	34) SIGRTMIN	35) SIGRTMIN+1	36) SIGRTMIN+2	37) SIGRTMIN+3
38) SIGRTMIN+4	39) SIGRTMIN+5	40) SIGRTMIN+6	41) SIGRTMIN+7	42) SIGRTMIN+8
43) SIGRTMIN+9	44) SIGRTMIN+10	45) SIGRTMIN+11	46) SIGRTMIN+12	47) SIGRTMIN+13
48) SIGRTMIN+14	49) SIGRTMIN+15	50) SIGRTMAX-14	51) SIGRTMAX-13	52) SIGRTMAX-12
53) SIGRTMAX-11	54) SIGRTMAX-10	55) SIGRTMAX-9	56) SIGRTMAX-8	57) SIGRTMAX-7
58) SIGRTMAX-6	59) SIGRTMAX-5	60) SIGRTMAX-4	61) SIGRTMAX-3	62) SIGRTMAX-2
63) SIGRTMAX-1	64) SIGRTMAX

# options are same as pgrep -n -P -u etc.
pkill -SIGTERM -u milad -x vi

kill -2 1080

Jobs¶

bg, fg, &, jobs, ctrl+z, ctrl+c

Lecture notes¶

All lecture notes are available at github in ipynb format: https://github.com/ravexina/linux-notes.

There are html exports of project available at: https://ravexina.github.io/linux-notes.

License¶

Linux Notes by Milad As (Ravexina) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.